Methotrexate and Stevens–Johnson Syndrome

Introduction: Stevens–Johnson Syndrome (SJS) is a rare but serious adverse drug reaction characterized by severe skin reactions and mucosal involvement. Methotrexate has been reported as a potential triggering medication in certain cases.

Background: Methotrexate is commonly used to treat autoimmune diseases, inflammatory conditions, and certain cancers. Although generally effective, it may cause severe adverse reactions, including rare cases of Stevens–Johnson Syndrome.

Study Objective: To evaluate the association between methotrexate use and Stevens–Johnson Syndrome, focusing on clinical presentation, risk factors, treatment approaches, and patient outcomes.

Clinical Manifestations: Examine the signs and symptoms of methotrexate-associated SJS, including skin lesions, blistering, mucosal involvement, and systemic complications.

Risk Factors: Identify potential risk factors such as methotrexate dosage, medication interactions, underlying diseases, age, and individual susceptibility.

Diagnosis and Assessment: Evaluate diagnostic approaches, clinical findings, medical history, and methods used to identify methotrexate-associated SJS.

Treatment Approaches: Review available treatment strategies, including immediate drug withdrawal, supportive care, wound management, and other therapeutic interventions.

Clinical Outcomes: Assess recovery rates, disease severity, complications, mortality, and long-term effects associated with methotrexate-induced SJS.

Comparative Analysis: Compare reported cases based on methotrexate dosage, onset of symptoms, clinical severity, treatment methods, and patient outcomes.

Challenges and Limitations: Examine difficulties in establishing drug causality, limited case reports, variations in clinical presentation, and challenges in early diagnosis and management.

Conclusion: Understanding the relationship between methotrexate and Stevens–Johnson Syndrome is essential for early recognition, appropriate management, and improved patient safety. Systematic evaluation of reported cases can help identify potential risk factors and improve clinical decision-making.