ACC544 – Decision Support Tools

Subject Summary
ACC544 – Decision Support Tools Session 2 2020 Faculty of Business, Justice and Behavioural Sciences School of Accounting and Finance Internal Mode Credit Points 8

GRADUATE LEARNING OUTCOMES This task also contributes to the assessment of the followingCSU Graduate Learning Outcome/s (https://student.csu.edu.au/study/glo): • Academic Literacy and Numeracy (Skill) – Charles Sturt Graduates demonstrate the literacy and numeracy skills necessary to understand and interpret information and communicate effectively according to the context. • Digital Literacies (Skill) – Charles Sturt Graduates use, create, communicate and share multimodal information in digital environments.
MARKING CRITERIA AND STANDARDS There are four (4) online tests of equal value of which your three (3) highest marks will be allocated to your final grade. Material covered will include all topics covered in the preceding weeks. Each test comprises ten (10) multiple choice questions and may only be attempted once. For each question, you must select the most correct answer from the options provided to demonstrate your understanding and application of strategic and sustainable accounting practices.
High Distinction (HD) To meet this level you will attain a cumulative mark between 85%-100%. A mark in this range (no less than 8.5 marks) indicates you have demonstrated an outstanding and a consistently high level of knowledge and understanding in at least 3 tests in this subject.
Distinction (DI) To meet this level you will attain a cumulative mark between 75%-84%. A mark in this range (7.5 – 8.4) indicates you have demonstrated a comprehensive and high level of knowledge and understanding in at least 3 tests in this subject.
Credit (CR) To meet this level you will attain a cumulative mark between 65%-74%. A mark in this range (6.5 – 7.4) indicates you have demonstrated a better than satisfactory knowledge and understanding in at least 3 tests in this subject.
Pass (PS) To meet this level you will attain a cumulative mark between 50%-64%. A mark in this range (5 – 6.4) indicates you have demonstrated a satisfactory knowledge and understanding in at least 3 tests in this subject. Assessment item 2 – Case Study Part 1 Value:10% Due Date:28-Aug-2020 Return Date:18-Sep-2020 Length:Variable Submission method options:Alternative submission method
TASK The following case study has been developed to provide you with a realistic business scenario
Charles Sturt University Subject Outline ACC544 202060 S I Version 2 – Published 16 July 2020
Page 11 of 39
from which you can develop the necessary decision making skills to meet the learning outcomes of this subject. The case study will form the basis for Assessment Item 2 and 3.
Introduction: It is April 2020 and one year since Pork Bellies Pty Ltd acquired competitor Casserole Steaks in a goal to improve economies of scale and reinforce its position as the fourth largest company producing pork in Australia. The pork farming and processing industry has undergone significant changes in the last decade and it appeared to Pork Bellies that the competition from the other two major competitors would start to deteriorate Pork Bellies traditional stronghold of value added processed products. There were also indications that a major international company had been investigating the Australian market to identify potential alliance partners or takeover targets. Given Pork Bellies strong growth and performance over the last 10 years, the company’s board now needs to analysis the future of the industry and how it can position Pork Bellies to ensure its long-tern sustainability and to progress towards their goal of being the major pork producer in Australia.
PORK BELLIES Pty Ltd – Background Pork Bellies was established in 1930 by Shawn Lamb in Walgett; Shawn’s granddaughter Brooke River took over as managing director in 2011. The company is currently ranked 185 in the top 500 privately owned companies in Australia. In 2019 Pork Bellies employed over 800 staff, with major operating centres located in Melbourne, Sydney and the Albury/Wodonga region. Pork Bellies is the fourth largest company in Australia that farms and processes pork with sales of $462.7 million. Major customers include supermarkets, butchers and caterers. Quality is something Pork Bellies is very particular about and in 2001 it was accredited with ISO 9002 across all farming and processing functions, including processing, distribution and feeding of livestock. ISO 9002 certification was also accredited for administration processes of purchasing, training product control, product traceability and process improvement. The Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (HACCP) food safety system was also adopted, further highlighting Pork Bellies commitment to quality control and safety. Pork Bellies strong growth has been attributed to product development, with a focus on supplying to butchers, restaurants, caterers and function venues. All products are portion controlled; it is provided in set portions and individually packaged, which customers prefer for ensuring consistency in cooking and serving. Global rationalisation has impacted on the Australian industry in recent years however. Achieving economies of scale for farming and processing is considered to be more important for the long term viability than product development. As part of their growth strategy Pork Bellies acquired Casserole Steaks in April 2019 to further expand processing activities, gain access to additional distribution outlets and achieve greater economies of scale. Complementing the current Pork Bellies business, Casserole Steaks produces a range of fully cooked small goods and smoked pork for Pork Bellies under their own label, as well as under Farm Fresh label for Holes and Dangerway Supermarkets. Casserole Steaks has established a strong export market into China. Pork Bellies have developed close working relationships with Meat Delights and Power Pork,
Charles Sturt University Subject Outline ACC544 202060 S I Version 2 – Published 16 July 2020
Page 12 of 39
two of Pork Bellies competitors. This strategic alliance was established to achieve further economies of scale in production of pork products designated for the overseas markets.
The global pork meat farming and processing industry Pork consumption has consistently increased upwards in recent years in Australia and internationally. On a global basis, pork meat accounts for about 25% of total meat consumption, third only to chicken and beef. The table below summaries pork consumption over the last few years. Table 1 Pork meat consumption per capita in selected locations (kg/per capita)
2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 China 41.6 41.3 41.7 43.8 44.0 44.3 UK 23.2 23.1 24.8 25.1 25.4 25.7 USA 28.6 28.4 30.6 36.2 35.9 36.8 Brazil 44.9 46.9 52.7 50.9 51.2 51.2 Australia 24.1 25.3 27.2 28.1 29.0 29.3
With the consumption of pork rising around the world, it has resulted in the need for production to increase at the same rate. Recent years trends are showing that countries are working towards becoming more self-sufficient in providing meat for their own consumption. More recently, China and Brazil have enjoyed enormous growth in pork production and overtaken the US which had traditionally been the highest producer of pork.
Size and growth In 2019, about 955,000 tonnes of pork with a retail value of approximately $4.2 billion was consumed. Historically, the industry has not been responsive to changes in demand, with production generally constant with a minor peak around Christmas time. There have been limited fluctuations in price and profitability. In addition, unlike other livestock producers, pork farmers were unable to change to alternative livestock when demand declined due to the specialised nature of pork farming and the equipment required for housing the pigs. As a result, a high focus on efficiency throughout the industry has resulted in intensive animal rearing operations through efficient feed utilisation and optimised productivity. This has enabled lower price rises at the retail end than for other livestock, with pork prices increasing by only 147 % from 1972 to 2014, compared with 230% for most other meats. Consumption Trends The growth in production mirrored increasing domestic consumption trends, with Australian consumption at 29 kg per capita per annum in 2019. However, this was still a long way behind countries such as China as shown in table 1, which has an annual consumption in excess of
Charles Sturt University Subject Outline ACC544 202060 S I Version 2 – Published 16 July 2020
Page 13 of 39
44kg per capita. Consumption demands in Australia have also increased as a result of price reductions that are able to be achieved through technological development and economies of scale within the industry. However, consumers are increasingly shopping for meal solutions rather than for set weights of meat and vegetables as they were once doing. In fact, all meats are facing increasing competition from rice, pasta and prepared foods. Key drivers of future growth in domestic pork consumption are as follows:
• A continued strong domestic economy – pork consumption is directly related to available disposable income. Australia is enjoying the lowest interest rates for the last 30 years and this has seen a substantial rise in disposable income. However, personal debt is at record levels, largely due to the buoyant housing market and any rise in interest rates will have a negative impact on demand due to a tightening of disposable income levels. • Changing lifestyle trends – an increase in health consciousness has seen a shift in favour of white meat and fish over traditional red meats. Pork meat is low in fat and high in protein, fitting well with changing consumer levels. • Culture – Australia is a multicultural society and most national cooking styles incorporate pork dishes. • Convenience and fast food – Convenience products and fast-food outlets have proliferated over recent years as time-poor consumers demand products that can be prepared in less time. This is being driven by more people in the workforce and smaller family units that favour convenience food products. Pork has become more prevalent in menus as consumers seek fast and healthy options. In addition, increasing average weekly household disposable income has meant people are increasingly eating out, with pork being a prominent part of most restaurant menus.
A key issue facing the industry in the future is consumer perception of the use of hormones and growth proponents in piggery pork production, with the industry safeguarding against such use by enforcing testing programs through the National Residue Survey (NRS) conducted by the Australian Federal Government Department of Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry. This has helped to allay consumer concern in this area, and to date no residues have been detected in batches tested. In addition, the increasing demand for organic produce is impacting on the industry. Free range pork accounts for a small amount of total production; however, it is the fastest growing segment. With growing consumer trends for organic produce, several industry participants have recently gone into production with ‘free range’ accredited growing. Pork Bellies and International breeding stock alliances. Pork meat production in Australia is carried out mainly using breeding stock from one of a small number of large international pig breeding companies. Australia is dominated by breeding stock from two major companies:
• Piggie Smalls (a wholly owned subsidiary of Cape Foods Inc. in the United States) supplies Hamlet and Gropork Breeding, a joint venture between Pork Bellies and Hogwarts • Porky Group (a UK-based company) which supplies Swapmeat Enterprises.
The international breeding companies focus on improving their pork breeds to deliver enhanced performance in terms of feed to meat conversion and growth rates. Breeding farms
Charles Sturt University Subject Outline ACC544 202060 S I Version 2 – Published 16 July 2020
Page 14 of 39
follow the management program prescribed by international breeders. This, however, does make Australian producers reliant on international breeders or local organisations with breed franchises for breeding stock. This also enables them to be internationally competitive and maintain quality. Pork Bellies recognises the importance of being part of such alliances and has entered the GroPork Breeding alliance to ensure access to the Piggie Smalls breed and maintain competitiveness with the major local producers such as Hamlet and Swapmeat. The cost of production The pork industry in a large consumer of wheat, absorbing more than one-third of all feed wheat available in Australia. It also used 75% of meat meal produced in Australia. One of the key issues for the industry is that local feed costs are higher than the feed costs of other major pork producing countries. Should import regulations on pork be relaxed, this relative cost disadvantage could pose a significant threat to domestic production. Imports Less than 5% of the product is imported due to concerns about disease. In November 1997, the government announced that limited imports on cooked pork meat would be allowed into Australia. However, strict guidelines were put in place such that imports had to be cooked at 70°C for 143 minutes which was the level at which disease was determined to be unable to survive. In addition, the Australian Quarantine Inspection Service (AQIS) introduced stringent tests on imported pork meat and as a consequence, imports have not increased significantly. It is anticipated that this trend will continue. Pork Bellies’ corporate strategy Pork Bellies regards itself as a major Australian pork meat production and processing company. Its stated strategic goals are as follows:
• To be recognised as the leading pork meat brand in the Australian food industry; • To provide customers with high-quality products and excellent service; • To be the leading company in the industry, continuing to grow at rates higher than the industry average; and • To be the leading supplier of further processed pork products.
It plans to achieve these objectives by:
• Being an accredited supplier to the major supermarket chains and speciality pork outlets; • Expanding by acquisition, where appropriate; • Sustaining superior performance; understanding and satisfying customer needs; and • Investing in state-of-the-art equipment to enable product innovation and efficiencies.
Pork Bellies is already recognised as having a differentiated offering compared with its major rivals, Swapmeat and Hamlet, due to its value product range, well established relationships with key retails outlets and the achievement of quality accreditation across a wide range of aspects of its operations. Pork Bellies is focused on its direct customers (ie the retailers) and the end customer (ie the customer) – planning to be the supplier of choice. The company recognises that they need to sustain their growth rate and profitability to prevent takeovers from one of the two major companies (Hamlet and Swapmeat). For this reason, Leghorn was acquired in 2016 to achieve production and processing economies of
Charles Sturt University Subject Outline ACC544 202060 S I Version 2 – Published 16 July 2020
Page 15 of 39
scale and gain access to additional markets through Leghorn’s accreditation and speciality store relationships, as well their export focus and AQIS export approval status. Further acquisitions are possible; however, they would need to be good strategic fit from operational and cultural perspectives. The company has strong family values, and the ongoing sustainability of the business is more important than short-term profitability. In 1999, Hamlet unsuccessfully approached Brooke River about the prospect of buying Pork Bellies’ operation for $250 million. River was offered a seat on the board; however, under the terms of the deal, she would lose control over the Pork Bellies operations. In addition, a large proportion of the purchase synergies would arise from the removal of duplicate functions across the combined business group. This would have resulted in the retrenchment of many of Pork Bellies loyal employee base, some of whom had been with the company since Brooke River’s grandfather established the business over 50 years ago.
Pork Bellies’ recent performance Operations and production Pork Bellies have demonstrated a strategic approach to its operations by covering all aspects of the value chain. Business operations include breeder farms, processing plants and feed milling. Products include sales of live pork (including breeding stock), pork feed, primary processed pork (raw) and further processed pork. Based in Victoria, the newly acquired Leghorn is also vertically integrated pork producer in its own right. Breeding and farming As a partner in the Gropork Breeding joint venture with Hogwarts and Avian Porks, Pork Bellies is the sole distributor in Australia of Piggie Smalls, the major international breeding company owned by Cape Foods. The principal farming areas for Pork Bellies breeder operations are in Northern NSW, South Australia and the Sydney region. Pork Bellies has a number of company-owned and operated piggery farms as well as nearly 50 independent contract farmers, including Leghorn’s contract growing farms to which they deliver young stock. Leghorn is the first firm in Victoria to satisfy the Victorian Meat Authority’s quality accreditation (QA) system and has ISO9002 certification for all its operations. Contract growers who provide Leghorn with pigs have their own accredited system, several of which have also obtained free range pork status. The company also owns and operates a feed mill located in country NSW. Pork Bellies’s total requirement for feed at all the company locations throughout Australia is in excess of 130,000 tonnes per year. Distribution The company focuses mainly on the domestic market, selling to major supermarkets, pork shops and manufacturers of frozen foods and meals. Industrial customers use its pork in frozen meals for export, and a small percentage of its products are exported directly. Distribution throughout Australia is undertaken by refrigerated transport using distributors in most states, leveraging from Leghorn’s existing distribution network. Marketing and new product development
Charles Sturt University Subject Outline ACC544 202060 S I Version 2 – Published 16 July 2020
Page 16 of 39
Pork Bellies has a focus on product development for the food service market, with an extensive food service product range for fast-food outlets, schools, clubs restaurants, caterers and function venues. New product development has introduced a number of snack and meal solutions, including a variety of pork products such as nuggets, burgers, wedges, fingers and a wide range of cooked and smoked lines. The company has been accredited by both major supermarkets, Dangerway and Holes and it is seen in the industry as a leader in quality control. People and management Privately owned by the Pork Bellies family since formation in 1954, Pork Bellies is proud of its family tradition. It values its people and sees itself as trying to grow the business through its employees. Its team of experienced, professional and committed people provide a strategic advantage in offering high standards of quality and service to its customers. The company is proud of its employees at all levels and believes that their commitment is paramount to its marketplace performance. The consistent emphasis on quality is epitomised by the achievement of ISO 9002 and HACCP accreditation. Tight controls are maintained on the value chain. Head office management also maintain rigid reporting and measurement requirements, with senior management employing a ‘hands-on’ approach in the day-to-day running of the business. Due to the strong family values of the company, staff turnover is very low. The six member executive team includes three family members and also Justin Case, the founder of Leghorn and deputy chairman of the Pork Bellies board, thus indicating the strategic nature of the Leghorn acquisition and the value that Pork Bellies places on Leghorn’s expertise and capabilities. The company is actively involved in various industry bodies, including the Australian Pork Growers Council, of which Brooke River is the Chairman, ensuring that the company has the capacity to influence the shape of the industry’s future and stay abreast of future developments.
Back to the future… At the April 2020 board meeting, Justin Case reported that the integration of the Leghorn acquisition was ahead of plan and has been highly successful largely due to a good strategic fit between the to businesses. Pork Bellies has secured its place as the number three producer in the industry and most importantly was the clear leader in the value added segment where high profitability was still being enjoyed and competition was only just starting to occur. This contrasted with the low margin fresh segment where two major participants had entered a price war to win market share. In addressing the board, Brooke River noted that there were signs that another approach by Hamlet was likely to be received in the near future, as the Australian companies grappled for market share and increased penetration into the more profitable value added segment. Pork Bellies has the major share of this segment, with an advantage over its competitors through its investment in technology and infrastructure in recent years. In addition, the outbreak of the Hendra virus is now contained and Australia’s export status has been renewed by key Asian markets. With some ideas already apparent, the board charged River with preparing a discussion paper outlining Pork Bellies’ main strategic options for consideration at the next
Charles Sturt University Subject Outline ACC544 202060 S I Version 2 – Published 16 July 2020
Page 17 of 39
board meeting.
Question 1 – Strategic Management (20 marks)
You have been asked to prepare a business report for Brooke River on the strategic position Pork Bellies Pty Ltd should pursue. The business wants to continue to increase its market share in the pork industry. The business report will form the basis of Brooke River’s presentation at the next board meeting and will also be provided to all members of the board. The board members are very familiar with the pork industry but have limited accounting knowledge.
Areas you need to address include:
a) Identifying Pork Bellies’ competitive advantage b) Identifying four threats and four opportunities available to Pork Bellies c) Identify four strengths and four weaknesses for Pork Bellies d) Evaluate Pork Bellies’ objectives for their strategic plan. e) Using Porters generic strategies, what strategy would you recommend for Pork Bellies?
Question 2 – Decision Analysis (20 marks) The board of directors (BOD) is considering whether or not to construct a processing plant in Darwin, Northern Territory. Pork Bellies will have an arrangement with the council to use the port for 5 years at a rate of 50% on normal cost and after that the cost will increase 175%. If demand is favourable, Pork Bellies will realise a net profit of $2,000,000 after the 5 years. If the market is not favourable, then they could lose $800,000. At this stage there is no reliable data on how successful the project could be. The board of directors are working on a 50-50 chance that the processing plant will be successful.
1. Construct a decision tree to analyse the problem. What should the BOD do, justify your answer? (5 marks)
2. The BOD are not confident with a 50-50 approach and have decided to employ a research firm who specialise in Bayesian Theorem to conduct a study on the viability of constructing a processing plant. The study will cost $10,000 and will work on the following statements of probability:
Probability of a favourable market given a favourable study = 0.72 Probability of an unfavourable market given a favourable study = 0.28 Probability of a favourable market given an unfavourable study = 0.21 Probability of unfavourable market given an unfavourable study = 0.79 Probability of a favourable research study = 0.55 Probability of an unfavourable research study = 0.45
a. Develop a decision tree to reflect the new alternatives. (2 marks) b. Using the EMV approach, recommend a strategy that BOD should take. In your response discuss the alternatives. (4 marks)
Charles Sturt University Subject Outline ACC544 202060 S I Version 2 – Published 16 July 2020
Page 18 of 39
c. Using the expected value of sample information, how much would the BOD be prepared to pay for the study? (4 marks) d. What other information would the BOD want to help in making their decision? (5 marks)
Question 3 – Simulation (10 marks) Pork Bellies is concerned that not enough space has been allocated for ships to dock and load quickly. You have been asked to create a simulation based on the following information:
Hours between arrivals Relative frequency 1 0.06 2 0.12 3 0.19 4 0.23 5 0.26 6 0.13 7 0.07
Hours to load Relative frequency
3 0.4 4 0.3 5 0.2 6 0.1
The port works 7 days a week and 24 hours a day. Required:
1. Using a table of random numbers simulate 2 weeks where only 1 ship can dock and load at a time. (5 marks) 2. Based on your results, should Pork Bellies try to acquire a second dock to unload? Justify your answer by discussing the results of the simulation, taking into consideration other factors that will impact the decision. (5 marks)
Charles Sturt University Subject Outline ACC544 202060 S I Version 2 – Published 16 July 2020
Page 19 of 39
RATIONALE
SUBJECT LEARNING OUTCOMES This assessment task will assess the following learning outcome/s: • be able to demonstrate problem-solving skills in assessing, organising, summarising and interpreting relevant data for decision making purposes. • be able to apply decision theory to business situations. • be able to explain the use of simulation in complex decisions.
The requirements of this assignment cover up to and including Topic 4 of the Online Learning materials. The assignment is designed to develop your problem solving, spreadsheet (Excel) design, and written communication skills. The questions require you to apply the knowledge and tools covered in the subject topics in order to demonstrate your understanding of the subject content and also to illustrate your capacity for strategic thinking. The assignment will also test your ability to communicate and explain the impacts of your findings whether through quantitative or written reports. The ability to communicate effectively has been identified by the accounting professional bodies as being critical to your future role as an accountant. GRADUATE LEARNING OUTCOMES This task also contributes to the assessment of the followingCSU Graduate Learning Outcome/s (https://student.csu.edu.au/study/glo): • Academic Literacy and Numeracy (Knowledge) – CSU Graduates understand the use and structure of appropriate language in written, oral, visual, mathematical, and multi-modal communication. • Digital Literacies (Knowledge) – CSU Graduates understand professional, social and cultural implications of the global use of technology.
Charles Sturt University Subject Outline ACC544 202060 S I Version 2 – Published 16 July 2020
Page 20 of 39
MARKING CRITERIA AND STANDARDS
Criteria High distinction Distinction Credit Pass Generate, evaluate and use quantitative and qualitative information to assess the financial and non-financial performance of an organisation. Correct identification of underlying accounting issue/s and all of the potential implications of accounting data/ results. Identification of key areas of concern for management adopting a strategic ‘whole of business’ approach including well thought out and justified recommendations. Output is well researched, logically argued, and well written in a manner that very effectively conveys the key outcomes and recommendations to the end-user. All references and sources acknowledged and professionally presented. Correct identification of the underlying accounting issue and all of the potential implications of accounting data/ results. Identification and reporting of key areas of concern with effective strategic recommendations for management. Well researched and well written argument with references and sources acknowledged and output professionally presented. Correct identification of the underlying accounting issue and some of the implications of accounting data/results. Identification and reporting of key areas of concern with effective strategic recommendations for management. Well researched and well written argument with references and sources acknowledged. Identification of the underlying accounting issue and some implications of the reported accounting data/results. Reporting of issues that should be of concern to firm management. Written in clear language with references and sources acknowledged.
Use decision making principles and technologies in making and
Evaluates and provides in depth discussion on business decisions using appropriate
Evaluates business decisions for relevant organisations
Explains business decisions using relevant organisations and limited
Explains business decisions relevant organisations
Charles Sturt University Subject Outline ACC544 202060 S I Version 2 – Published 16 July 2020
Page 21 of 39
Criteria High distinction Distinction Credit Pass assessing business decisions for organisations. management principles. Demonstrates functional use of appropriate technologies to aid in decision making. using appropriate management principles. Demonstrates functional use of appropriate technologies to aid in decision making. application of management principles. Demonstrates some use of appropriate technologies to aid in decision making. using some appropriate management principles. Demonstrates limited use of appropriate technologies, with some links to support decision making.
Effectively and appropriately present your material and results and clearly convey your understanding of the results to the reader. All references and resources acknowledged and professionally presented using APA (6th or 7th ed) referencing.
Business report is well presented, logically argued, and well written in a manner that very effectively conveys the key outcomes and recommendations to the end-user. All references and sources acknowledged and professionally presented using APA (6th or 7th ed).
Business report is well written with references using APA (6th or 7th ed) and sources acknowledged and output professionally presented.
Business report is well written with references using APA (6th or 7th ed) and sources acknowledged and professionally presented.
Business report is clearly written with references using APA (6th or 7th ed) and sources acknowledged and professionally presented.
PRESENTATION Your response is to be in a written business format and it is compulsory for you to lodgeboth the report (word file) which is to include all your answers and your calculations (excel)
Your business report should include:
1. a cover page addressed to your required audience; 2. an executive summary (refer to the note below regarding an executive summary); 3. a table of contents (linked to the headings in the report);
Charles Sturt University Subject Outline ACC544 202060 S I Version 2 – Published 16 July 2020
Page 22 of 39
4. headings and subheadings clearly identifying what is being discussed; 5. brief explanation and purpose on what each question is addressing 6. a conclusion; and 7. referencing (using APA style).
For help with writing an appropriate report, please see the Charles Sturt Academic Skills site:https://www.csu.edu.au/current-students/learning-resources/build-your-skills/academicskills-help
REQUIREMENTS Preparation and submission requirements
This assignment requires a Microsoft Word document, as well as a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet solution. Both of these must be submitted online using Turnitin.
You must submit both a Word file AND an Excel file. Failure to submit both of the files by the due date constitutes non-submission and late penalties will apply.
Your spreadsheet solutions must be cut and pasted into the Word document.This Word document is what will be marked and returned to you. Remember that in the business world the professional presentation of information is fundamental and accordingly marks will be deducted for poor presentation. An electronic version of your source spreadsheet is required to enable markers to open the file and test your efficient use of spreadsheet formula by, for example, changing values of input variables. Marks will be awarded on the basis of correctness of answers, appropriate use of spreadsheet modelling, effective worksheet design, and level of professional presentation.
A reference list is mandatory for this assessment item.It is important that you are aware of how to reference properly and a reference list must be provided, properly formatted using APA guidelines with a hanging indent.Please note that it is a submission requirement that you include a reference list.
Review the rules regarding plagiarism and if you are not sure, contact your lecturer or student learning skills advisor for advice. There is no excuse for presenting the work of others as your own; this includes cutting and pasting material from the web without properly referencing the source.
The CSU Library site provides an on-line guide to APA style referencing. This is the referencing style adopted by the School of Accounting and Finance. The guide can be found at:
(http://student.csu.edu.au/study/referencing-at-csu)
https://www.csu.edu.au/current-students/learning-resources/build-your-skills/academicskills-help/referencing
Any difficulties in submitting your assignments online electronically using Turnitin should be immediately reported to the Subject Coordinator by email. Include your name and student number in the header or footer of all documents submitted. Retain a copy of your assignment for your records.
Charles Sturt University Subject Outline ACC544 202060 S I Version 2 – Published 16 July 2020
Page 23 of 39
Spreadsheet requirements
Your spreadsheet must have a separate worksheet (tab) for each question answered. For each question, the worksheet should have a data entry section where all (or most) of the question data is entered, followed by a model or results section. The results section should be mainly formula driven.
NB There should be as little as possible data entry in the model/results section of the spreadsheet.
Most, if not all, data should be imported into the model from the data entry section. A number of Excel resources will be provided through the subject Interact site to assist you to complete this assignment however there is no substitute for getting in and trying it out. An excel resource file specific to the assignment is provided on the subject Interact site and you should review the various formulae demonstrated on that file.
Please contact your subject coordinator if you need further guidance on particular issues surrounding Excel or if you are unsure about any of the requirements.
Charles Sturt University Subject Outline ACC544 202060 S I Version 2 – Published 16 July 2020
Page 24 of 39
Assessment item 3 – Case Study Part 2 Value:20% Due Date:30-Sep-2020 Return Date:22-Oct-2020 Length:Variable Submission method options:Alternative submission method
TASK This assessment item continues on from Part 1 of the Pork Bellies Case Study
Question 1 – Inventory control methods (15 marks) Pork Bellies is considering manufacturing ready-made meals in the new processing plant. The company is planning on working 250 working days per year and has devised the following estimates on sales of the new product:
Daily Sales Probability 400 0.5 500 0.3 600 0.1 700 0.1
• The annual carrying cost per unit is $0.40 • Set-up time to manufacture the meals is 20 minutes for each of the 5 machines involved in preparing the meals and it costs $24.50 per hour for operators to set the machines up. • Manufacturing overhead is charged out at a rate of $12.50 per machine hour. • The ready-made meals are packaged in recyclable containers and cost $3.00 per 10 pack. The containers are sourced from Western Australia and can take anywhere between 15 to 20 days to arrive and have the following probability estimates:
Days to fill order Probability 15 0.30 16 0.15 17 0.15 18 0.15 19 0.15
Charles Sturt University Subject Outline ACC544 202060 S I Version 2 – Published 16 July 2020
Page 25 of 39
20 0.10
Required:
1. Calculate the economic size for each production run (3 marks) 2. When should an order for more containers be placed, based on expected values? (3 marks) 3. How can ordering be handled to eliminate stock-outs 9 out of 10 times without holding large amounts of containers? (4 marks) 4. Explain the differences in the basic philospophies underlying the JIT and EOQ approaches to inventory management (5 marks)
Question 2 – Linear programming (15 marks) Pork Bellies has been approached by Hopewell Hospital, who coordinate meals for regional and city hospitals. Hopewell hospital who have devised a meal plan wants Pork Bellies to supply them with ready-made meals. Pork Bellies in consultation with Hopewell Hospital have devised a meal plan where 5 types of meals will be supplied based on calories and common allergies. The meals are:
1800C, 1500C, 800C, Gluten Free (GF) and Gluten and Dairy Free (GDF)
All meals go through the steps of food preparation, cooking and snap freezing. The time requirements per box of 20 meals is below as well as the available time, all in hours.
1800C 1500C 800C GF GDF Selling Price ($) 15 14.5 13 15 13 Direct material 7 6.5 4 3 2 Direct labour 2 2 1.5 4 2 Variable overhead 1 0.5 1.5 0.5 0.5 Fixed overhead 2 2 2 2 2
Constraints: 1800C 1500C 800C GF GDF Available (hours)
Mixing 1 0.5 0.5 1 1 1,500
Spreading 1 1 1 1 0.5 5,000
Charles Sturt University Subject Outline ACC544 202060 S I Version 2 – Published 16 July 2020
Page 26 of 39
Cooking 0.5 1.5 2 0.5 0.5 2,300
Packaging 1 1 1 1 1 2,000
Due to the limits in the number of workers who may have access to the building at any one time because of COVID-19, a maximum of 100 1800C meals and a minimum of 50 GF meals for the month can be made.
Required:
1. Formulate a linear program to determine the expected mix of conference rooms to ensure the maximum profit will be created. Show all supporting calculations and solve using a computer package (eg solver in Excel) to derive the optimum solution. (5 marks) 2. Formulate a second linear programming taking into consideration the COVID-19 limitations. (3 marks) 3. State the optimal mix and resulting profit. Discuss your results (7 marks)
Question 3 – Correlation and regression (20 marks) Pork Bellies is continuing to re-evaluate all aspects of the business and would like you to look into staffing costs. Below is a summary of the monthly costs.
Staff number Number of meals Staff cost ($)
January
20 700 27800
February
22 250 14000
March
10 200 12000
April
20 500 20000
May
24 650 23800
June
28 450 18400
July
16 50 20400
August
14 150 8200
Charles Sturt University Subject Outline ACC544 202060 S I Version 2 – Published 16 July 2020
Page 27 of 39
September
24 350 18800
October
24 600 22200
November
16 300 16600
December
32 750 32200
The Pork Bellies relevant range has been estimated to be between 300 and 600 meals.
Required:
1. Draw a scatter diagram of Pork Bellies meals and staff costs and mark the relevant range (3 marks)
2. Use the high-low method to estimate the behaviour of Pork Bellies staff costs based on meal numbers within the relevant range. Use an equation to express the results of this estimation method. (3 marks)
3. Using excel or a similar program construct a regression analysis to estimate:
a. The equation to predict staff costs based on the number of meals within the relevant range (3 marks) b. Based on the equation in 3 a) what would the staff cost be with 400 meals per month (2 marks) c. Using both activities – number of meals and staff numbers, determine what the staff cost, within the relevant range, would be. (3 marks)
4. Does the inclusion of the additional cost driver (staff number) improve the model? Explain your answer (6 marks)
Question 4 (10 marks) The Board of Directors would like your opinion on what strategic position Pork Bellies should now take reflecting on Case Study Part 1 and Case Study part 2. In your response consider short-term and long-term strategies the business may adopt. Include in your answer at least 2 options explaining how the strategy would be implemented and the likely outcome. (Maximum 500 words) (10 marks)
RATIONALE
Charles Sturt University Subject Outline ACC544 202060 S I Version 2 – Published 16 July 2020
Page 28 of 39
SUBJECT LEARNING OUTCOMES This assessment task will assess the following learning outcome/s: • be able to apply decision theory to business situations. • be able to explain the use of simulation in complex decisions. • be able to demonstrate understanding of the application of statistical hypothesis testing to decisions, with particular emphasis on quality control and interpreting the significance of regression coefficients in cost estimation. • be able to apply cost-volume-profit analysis and linear programming to product mix decisions.
The requirements of this assignment cover up to and including Topic 8 of the Online Learning materials. The assignment is designed to develop your problem solving, spreadsheet (Excel) design, and written communication skills. The questions require you to apply the knowledge and tools covered in the subject topics in order to demonstrate your understanding of the subject content and also to illustrate your capacity for strategic thinking. The assignment will also test your ability to communicate and explain the impacts of your findings whether through quantitative or written reports. The ability to communicate effectively has been identified by the accounting professional bodies as being critical to your future role as an accountant. GRADUATE LEARNING OUTCOMES This task also contributes to the assessment of the followingCSU Graduate Learning Outcome/s (https://student.csu.edu.au/study/glo): • Academic Literacy and Numeracy (Application) – Charles Sturt Graduates consider the context, purpose, and audience when gathering, interpreting, constructing, and presenting information. • Digital Literacies (Skill) – Charles Sturt Graduates use, create, communicate and share multimodal information in digital environments.
Charles Sturt University Subject Outline ACC544 202060 S I Version 2 – Published 16 July 2020
Page 29 of 39
MARKING CRITERIA AND STANDARDS Assessment Item 3 The criteria described below will not apply to all parts of all questions but describe the standards expected where the question requirements are appropriate. It is expected that all students will complete their own work with no collusion with other students. Criteria High distinction Distinction Credit Pass Apply probability concepts to decision making Completely correct application of rational-decision making techniques to business problems, including the ability to evaluate further information prior to decisions. Mostly correct application of rationaldecision making techniques to business problems, including the correct evaluation of further information prior to decisions. Some difficulty in correctly applying rationaldecision making techniques to business problems including, somewhat correct evaluation of further information prior to decisions. Weakness in applying rationaldecision making techniques to business problems and difficulty in evaluating further information prior to decisions. Be able to use computer spreadsheets as an aid to effectively present mathematical problems. Level of technical proficiency in using spreadsheets to prepare management accounting reports. Ability to use Excel to solve management accounting problems. This includes the ability to use appropriate Excel (or similar) analysis tools and functions, construct appropriate spreadsheet formulae and to Use of appropriate formulae with no errors. Correct use of data input sections where appropriate. Excellent design allowing intuitive and easy comprehension of key data. High standard of formatting enhancing the logical presentation of the data output enhancing comprehension by report endConsistent use of appropriate formulae with very few (if any) minor errors. Correct use of data input sections where appropriate. Well designed and logical data output presentation. Good formatting allowing easy and effective comprehension by report endusers. Use of appropriate formulae with few errors. Correct use of data input sections where appropriate. Logical data output presentation and formatting allowing easy and effective comprehension by report endusers.
Charles Sturt University Subject Outline ACC544 202060 S I Version 2 – Published 16 July 2020
Page 30 of 39
Criteria High distinction Distinction Credit Pass effectively and appropriately print and present your material and results. Ability to present your answers effectively, appropriately, and neatly, using computers. users.
Effectively and appropriately present your material and results and clearly convey your understanding of the results to the reader. All references and resources acknowledged and professionally presented using APA (6th or 7th ed) referencing.
The business report is well presented, logically argued, and well written in a manner that very effectively conveys the key outcomes and recommendations to the end-user. All references and sources acknowledged and professionally presented.
The business report is well written with references and sources acknowledged and output professionally presented.
The business report is well written with references and sources acknowledged and professionally presented.
The business report is clearly written with references and sources acknowledged and professionally presented.
PRESENTATION Preparation and submission requirements
This assignment requires a Microsoft Word document as well as a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet solution. Both of these must be submitted online using Turnitin.
You must submit both a Word file AND an Excel file. Failure to submit both of the files by the due date constitutes non-submission and late penalties will apply.
Your spreadsheet solutions must be cut and pasted into the Word document.This Word document is what will be marked and returned to you. Remember that in the business world, the professional presentation of information is fundamental and accordingly, marks will be deducted for poor presentation. An electronic version of your source spreadsheet is required
Charles Sturt University Subject Outline ACC544 202060 S I Version 2 – Published 16 July 2020
Page 31 of 39
to enable markers to open the file and test your efficient use of spreadsheet formula by, for example, changing the values of input variables. Marks will be awarded on the basis of correctness of answers, appropriate use of spreadsheet modelling, effective worksheet design, and level of professional presentation.
Your business report should include:
1. a cover page addressed to your required audience; 2. an executive summary (refer to the note below regarding an executive summary); 3. a table of contents (linked to the headings in the report); 4. headings and subheadings clearly identifying what is being discussed; 5. brief explanation and purpose on what each question is addressing 6. a conclusion; and 7. referencing (using APA style).
A reference list is mandatory for this assessment item.It is important that you are aware of how to reference properly and a reference list must be provided, properly formatted using APA guidelines with a hanging indent.Please note that it is a submission requirement that you include a reference list and assignments which do not include a properly formatted reference list will incur up to a 5 mark penalty.
Review the rules regarding plagiarism. If you are not sure, contact your lecturer or Academic Skills advisor for advice. There is no excuse for presenting the work of others as your own; this includes cutting and pasting material from the web without properly referencing the source.
The CSU Library site provides an on-line guide to APA style referencing. This is the referencing style adopted by the School of Accounting and Finance. The guide can be found at https://www.csu.edu.au/current-students/learning-resources/build-your-skills/academicskills-help/referencing
Any difficulties in submitting your assignments online electronically using Turnitin should be immediately reported to the Subject Coordinator by email. Include your name and student number in the header or footer of all documents submitted. Retain a copy of your assignment for your records.
REQUIREMENTS This assignment must be submitted through Turnitin.
It is recommended thatyour name,student IDandpage numberare included in theheader or footerof every page of the assignment. Further details about submission in Turnitin are provided in On-line submission.