Anemia in the Elderly: Causes and Clinical Profile

Introduction: Anemia is a common health concern among elderly individuals that can significantly affect their physical function, overall health, and quality of life.

Background: Anemia in older adults may result from nutritional deficiencies, chronic diseases, kidney disorders, bone marrow abnormalities, and age-related physiological changes.

Study Objective: To evaluate the etiology and clinical profile of anemia among elderly patients through a retrospective study.

Clinical Presentation: Assess common symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, breathlessness, dizziness, pallor, and reduced physical activity.

Types of Anemia: Identify different types of anemia, including iron deficiency anemia, vitamin B12 deficiency, folate deficiency, and anemia of chronic disease.

Etiological Factors: Investigate nutritional deficiencies, chronic kidney disease, infections, inflammatory conditions, and other underlying causes.

Laboratory Parameters: Evaluate hemoglobin levels, peripheral blood smear findings, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), serum ferritin, and vitamin B12 levels.

Associated Comorbidities: Examine the relationship between anemia and conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, kidney disease, and cardiovascular disorders.

Conclusion: Identifying the underlying causes and clinical characteristics of anemia can support early diagnosis, appropriate treatment, and improved health outcomes among elderly patients.