Anastomotic Dehiscence After Colorectal Resection

Introduction: Anastomotic dehiscence is a serious postoperative complication following colorectal resection with significant morbidity.

Etiology and Risk Factors: Factors such as poor blood supply, tension at the anastomosis, malnutrition, and comorbidities increase risk.

Pathophysiology: Breakdown of the anastomotic integrity leads to leakage of bowel contents into the peritoneal cavity.

Clinical Presentation: Patients commonly present with fever, abdominal pain, tachycardia, and signs of sepsis.

Diagnostic Evaluation: CT scan with contrast is the gold standard for confirming the presence and extent of a leak.

Initial Management: Early resuscitation, broad-spectrum antibiotics, and hemodynamic stabilization are crucial.

Definitive Treatment: Management may include percutaneous drainage, diversion stoma, or reoperation depending on severity.

Complications and Prognosis: Delayed diagnosis can lead to peritonitis, septic shock, prolonged hospitalization, and increased mortality.

Conclusion: Prompt recognition and timely multidisciplinary management are key to improving outcomes in anastomotic dehiscence.